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Nile River information
The Nile River effectively begins as three rivers... the White Nile flows through Uganda, Sudan and Egypt, while the Blue Nile starts in Lake Tana, Ethiopia, and then flows through Zaire, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda and Burundi.
The Atbara River flows from the Ethiopian highlands and meets the combined White Nile and Blue Nile just north of Khartoum.
Before the Nile enters the Mediterranean Sea, it divides into four smaller tributaries in Egypt's northern delta region.
The Nile River discharges an average 3.1 million litres (680,000 gallons) of water per second into the Mediterranean.
Egypt and the Nile are a cradle of mankind.
Egyptian history dates back to around 5,000 BC when increasingly dry conditions forced nomadic tribes to the greenery of the Nile Valley.
Arab rule in the Middle Ages brought Islam and the Arabic language.
The British ruled throughout the 19th century but Egypt regained its independence in 1922.
For thousands of years, the Nile delta was flooded annually as a result of August rains in the Ethiopian highlands and runoff from snows melting in the Mountains of the Moon.
These floods deposited heavy layers of fertile silt, allowing intensive irrigated agriculture to support the world's earliest civilisations.
Dams have been built on the Nile River since 1902. However, the Aswan Dam, which opened in the early 1970s, has dramatically changed the ecology of the Nile and thus the economy of the river and Egypt itself.
Aswan Dam allowed the Egyptian government to produce hydroelectric power, control flooding and minimise droughts, but has dramatically reduced flood sedimentation and increased salinity, forcing farmers to use more chemical fertilisers.
Despite these worsening consequences of human intervention, the Nile River Valley remains home to various wildlife including crocodiles, hippopotamuses, more than 300 species of birds and numerous fish species.
Major cities on the banks of the Nile River include Gondokoro, Khartoum, Aswan, Thebes/Luxor, Karnak, Hurghada, Alexandria, Cairo and Port Said.
Ninety per cent of Egypt's population lives in the Nile Valley and delta.
The Nile River runs 1,545 kilometres through Egypt, flanked throughout by a narrow valley lined with cliffs. The enormous Lake Nasser sits behind the Aswan High Dam in the far south.
The Nile valley is almost 25 kilometres wide around Cairo and further north the valley spreads to become the incredibly fertile delta, a fan-shaped plain radiating into about 250 kilometres of Mediterranean coastline.
Lower Egypt is the valley south of Cairo and Upper Egypt is the delta north of Cairo.
Egypt tourist information
Great Sphinx of Egypt
Luxor Egypt holiday tips
Ancient Egyptian statues
Pyramids of Egypt
Cairo holidays
Sinai holiday travel
Picture of Egyptian mummy
Felluca cruise on the Nile River
Mt Sinai snaps in Egypt
Mt Sinai
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